What’s that bright star near the Moon?

It’s a commonly asked question. As the Moon makes its regular orbital journey around the sky, it sometimes appears close to a particularly bright “star”.

Often these stars are not stars at all but planets. Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn can all appear close to the Moon. That is because their orbits around the Sun are on a similar plane to the Moon’s around the Earth.

These planets also appear much brighter than most stars. Apart from the planets, a handful of first-magnitude stars – some of the brightest in the sky – also lie along the path travelled by the Moon, and so you might spot one close to it.

Occasionally, the Moon will actually pass in front of and hide a star or planet. Such an event is known as an occultation.

Here is a list of dates when the Moon may be seen close to a bright planet or star.

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2021

September 16: Saturn
September 17-18: Jupiter
September 26: Aldebaran
September 30: Pollux

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October 1: Pollux
October 3: Regulus
October 9-10: Venus
October 13-14: Saturn
October 15: Jupiter
October 23: Aldebaran
October 28: Pollux
October 31: Regulus

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November 3-4: Mercury
November 7-8: Venus
November 10: Saturn
November 11: Jupiter
November 20: Aldebaran
November 23-24: Pollux
November 27: Regulus

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December 1: Spica
December 6-7: Venus
December 8: Saturn
December 9: Jupiter
December 17: Aldebaran
December 21: Pollux
December 23-24: Regulus
December 28-29: Spica

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The bright stars that can lie close to the Moon all lie in constellations of the Zodiac. That’s because the Moon’s path through the heavens stays close to the ecliptic, the imaginary line around the celestial sphere marking the plane of the Earth’s own orbit around the Sun.

If you could switch off daylight, you would see that the Sun travels the full length of the ecliptic over the course of each year.

In order of brilliance, the brightest stars that can therefore be seen near the Moon are Aldebaran in Taurus, Antares in Scorpius, Spica in Virgo, Pollux in Gemini, and Regulus in Leo. They are all “first magnitude” stars.

But the brightest “stars” that you may spot near the Moon are not going to be stars at all, but rather the planets Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. One might add Mercury, the innermost planet in the Solar System, though it is never seen in a dark sky, and so is less likely to be noticed, especially as the Moon will be a very fine crescent when near to it.

Related: What to see in the night sky this month